Key result
Highest serum DKK1 quartile linked to ~4.9-fold higher odds of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
Cross-Sectional (n=270)
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Demonstrates that elevated serum DKK1 correlates with coronary calcification and plaque burden in cardiac patients, suggesting its utility as an independent biomarker.
DKK1 modulates Wnt signaling, which is involved in the atherosclerosis. However, no data exist regarding the usefulness of measuring serum DKK1 concentration in predicting coronary atherosclerosis. A total of 270 consecutive patients (62.8 ± 11.2 yr; 70% male) were included. A contrast-enhanced 64-slice coronary MDCT was performed to identify the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Agatston calcium scores (CS) were calculated to quantify the coronary artery calcification (CAC). DKK1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each subsequent DKK1 quartile, there was a significant increase in CAC (P = 0.004) and the number of segments with coronary atherosclerosis (P < 0.001). In addition, DKK1 concentration was significantly higher in patients with atherosclerotic plaques, regardless of plaque composition (P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified DKK1 as an independent risk factor for the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. The adjusted odds ratio for coronary atherosclerotic plaque was 4.88 (95% CI, 1.67 to 14.25) for highest versus lowest quartile of the DKK1 levels. Furthermore, patients with DKK1 concentrations ≥ 68.6 pg/mL demonstrated coronary atherosclerotic plaques even when they had low CS. Serum DKK1 concentrations correlate with the coronary atherosclerosis and play an independent role in predicting the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Kim et al. (2011) conducted a cross-sectional in Coronary atherosclerosis (n=270). Serum DKK1 concentration vs. Lowest DKK1 quartile was evaluated on Presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaque (OR 4.88, 95% CI 1.67 to 14.25). The highest quartile of serum DKK1 concentration was independently associated with the presence of coronary atherosclerotic plaques compared to the lowest quartile (OR 4.88; 95% CI 1.67-14.25).
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