Epicardial and pleural lead ICD systems in children and adolescents maintain functionality over 5 years

15 children and adolescents (age: 2.9-20.0 years) requiring ICD for primary (n=11) or secondary (n=4) prevention, with underlying conditions including hypertrophic (n=10) or dilative cardiomyopathies (n=2), primary electrical diseases (n=2), and transposition of the great arteries (n=1).

Epicardial pacing/sensing leads secured on the left cardiac chambers and a pleural defibrillation lead insertion along the third intercostal space, with devices placed in the rectus sheath (n=5) or within the diaphragm (n=10).

System functionality, defibrillation thresholds, appropriate/inappropriate discharges, and system revisions over 5 years.safety