Population
Mice (n=7 open-chest, n=7 closed-chest recovering from anesthesia)
Comparison
Heart rate modulation via atrial pacing, sinus… vs Baseline or different heart rates
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Mouse FFR data require cautious interpretation; leaves open translation to human physiology or clinical models.
The sinus node rate is a critical determinant of myocardial contractility in mice, demonstrating a linear positive force-frequency relation up to 600 beats/min in closed-chest physiological conditions.
Palakodeti et al. (1997) studied this question.
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