Population
Isolated rat papillary muscle
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Establishes inverse force-frequency relation as intrinsic in rat papillary muscle; leaves open translation to human cardiac physiology.
The unusual inverse force-frequency relationship in rat papillary muscle is an intrinsic property unaffected by muscle size, ionic changes, or inotropic agents.
Hoffman et al. (1959) studied this question.
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