Transient K ⁺ current explains cross-species differences in the effects of myofibroblasts on myocytes

Electrical and paracrine couplings between cardiomyocytes (CMs) and myofibroblasts (MFBs) affect both physiology and pathophysiology of cardiac tissues in a range of animal models, but relating these observations to humans is a challenge because effects vary greatly across species. To address this challenge, we developed a mathematical model for mechanoelectrical interactions between CM and MFB, considering both electrical and paracrine couplings between CMs and MFBs, with the aim of identifying the sources of cross-species variation and extrapolating animal models to predicted effects in humans. Our results revealed substantial differences across species in how these couplings modulate excitation-contraction coupling and Ca 2+ transients of CMs. Both classes of couplings prolong action potential and increase APD in rat CMs, but shorten action potential and decrease APD in human CMs. Electrical coupling attenuates Ca 2+ transients and active tension generation in human CMs, but has no significant effect on rat CMs. Paracrine coupling reduces Ca 2+ transients and active tension in both human and rat CM. The results suggest that the variance of functional interactions between CM and MFB in cross-species may be explained by differences in the transient outward K + currents associated with the KCND2 gene, and thus suggest potential therapeutic pathways for fibrotic cardiomyopathy.