Body composition analysis components as markers for coronary artery diseases in type 2 diabetic patients

Objectives: The objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of body composition analysis components for predicting coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Type 2 diabetic Asian Indian population. Methods: This case-control study was performed by recruiting 50 type 2 diabetic patients with CAD along with 50 controls. The participants recruited were those between the ages of 40-70 who visited the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary care referral centre in Manipal, India. The diagnosis of CAD was confirmed by electrocardiogram tests and coronary angiogram changes. An anthropometric evaluation was conducted, and body composition analysis was conducted using Bodystat 1500MDD equipment. Results: In type 2 diabetics, for a unit increase in fat, the odds of CAD increased by 4.43 times. For a unit decrease in lean mass, the odds of CAD increased by 4.98 times. For a unit rise in body fat mass index, the odds of CAD increased by 1.75 times. Conclusion: In Type 2 diabetics, increased body fat mass with decreased lean tissue mass were valuable markers of CAD. Future studies can examine the benefits of different types of nutritional and exercise interventions targeted at improving muscle mass and reducing fat content in the body with an aim to reduce the occurrence of CAD in patients diagnosed with T2DM.