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August 3, 2026Next MaterialsOpen Access

Effect of TiO2 doping and post-annealing on the electrochromic properties of WO3 thin films prepared by thermal evaporation

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Authors

KJKavana JKKK. Naveen KumarMSM. Anantha Sunil

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Overview

Randomized trial evaluates the electrochromic performance of TiO2-doped WO3 films, suggesting improved design for smart windows.

Key Points

  • This research aimed to explore how TiO2 doping and thermal annealing influence the properties of WO3 thin films for electrochromic use.
  • Investigation of TiO2 doping levels from 0% to 6% during thermal evaporation of WO3 films.
  • Evaluation of structural, optical, and electrochromic properties using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM after annealing at 400 ˚C.
  • Conducting electrochemical tests to assess the films' reversible proton insertion and extraction capabilities.
  • The nominal 6 wt% TiO2-WO3 film showed the highest coloration efficiency at 41.76 cm²/C with a 41% optical modulation.
  • Annealed WO3 films exhibited the fastest coloration and bleaching response compared to doped films.
  • Higher TiO2 content led to more distortion in the lattice structure, affecting crystallinity.

Cite This Study

J et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a70400975942ff7265e4bc2https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.103000
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