Why the study?
Does elevated heart rate independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged adults without cardiovascular history or diabetes?
Population
379,843 men and women aged 40-45 years without cardiovascular history or diabetes
Comparison
Elevated heart rate (≥95 b.p.m.) vs Lower heart rate (<65 b.p.m.)
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
12 years
Authors
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Elevated heart rate largely loses independent association with CV death after adjustment; leaves open whether it is causal or a risk marker in middle-aged adults.
Does elevated heart rate independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged adults without cardiovascular history or diabetes?
In middle-aged adults, the association between elevated heart rate and cardiovascular mortality is greatly weakened after adjusting for main risk factors, suggesting it is a marker of high cardiovascular risk rather than an independent risk factor.
Tverdal et al. (2008) studied this question.