Intraoperative Invasive Blood Pressure Monitoring and the Potential Pitfalls of Invasively Measured Systolic Blood Pressure

Figures

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  Figure 1. Underdamped and overdamped arterial pressure waveforms An underdamped or hyper-resonant arterial pressure waveform results in overestimation of systolic arterial pressure and underestimation of diastolic arterial pressure. An overdamped arterial pressure waveform results in an underestimation of systolic arterial pressure and an overestimation of diastolic arterial pressure. A: underdamped arterial pressure waveform with several dicrotic notches, B: optimized waveform with a single dicrotic notch, C: overdamped arterial pressure waveform without a dicrotic notch, D: optimized waveform with a single dicrotic notch "Image credit: Christian Bohringer"

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  Figure 2. Method for eliminating hyper-resonance A syringe containing a small air bubble that is in communication with the arterial pressure measurement system allows for the dampening of a hyper-resonant arterial pressure measurement system. The larger the air bubble the greater the degree of dampening provided. "Image credit: Christian Bohringer"

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  Figure 3. Variation of arterial pressure by site of measurement Simultaneously measured arterial waveforms from the dorsalis pedis artery, the radial artery, and the femoral artery. Systolic pressure is increasing as the monitoring site is further away from the heart while diastolic and mean arterial pressures are much less affected by the site of measurement.