Autoimmune cardiomyopathy induced by beta(1)-EC(II) peptide is mediated by ER stress via the CaMKII-p38 MAPK-ATF6 pathway, and this process is exacerbated by norepinephrine.
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Findings remain preclinical; leaves open whether CaMKII/p38 MAPK/ATF6 inhibition alters human autoimmune cardiomyopathy progression.
Mao et al. (2007) studied this question.
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