Mitigating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Therapeutic Potential of a Poly Herbal Combination in Modulating ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF -κB Expression in Rat Model

BACKGROUND: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains a significant health concern, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. This study explores the potential of a polyherbal combination (PHC) in mitigating DCM and delves into the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Rat models with induced diabetes and cardiomyopathy were administered the polyherbal combination. Molecular analyses included the assessment of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF- κB expression in cardiac tissue. Histopathological and functional evaluations of cardiac health were performed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The polyherbal-treated group showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and improved cardiac function, as indicated by increased ejection fraction and cardiac output. Cardiac injury markers, CK-MB and hs-CRP, were significantly reduced by 66.6% and 50% respectively. Lipid profile improvements included lower total cholesterol and triglycerides by 28.5% and 31.1%, respectively. TGF-┘ levels were markedly reduced, suggesting an anti-fibrotic effect. Additionally, NF-κB, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression were significantly downregulated, confirming the polyherbal formulation's anti-inflammatory potential. These findings highlight its cardioprotective effects, making it a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: The study unveils a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM, characterized by the PHC's ability to modulate ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB expression. This molecular insight underscores the potential for innovative interventions in managing DCM and offers hope for improved cardiac health in individuals with diabetes.