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A diagnostic methodology for large-scale assessment was employed to compare performance on a national test in mathematics of representative samples of Jewish and Arab 8th graders in Israel in order to shed light on a previously identified large achievement gap between these 2 populations. The results revealed significant differences between the 2 groups in patterns of strengths and weaknesses with respect to content, process, and skill/item-type attributes, indicating different paths for remedial interventions.
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Birenbaum et al. (2005) studied this question.
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