Introduction to venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis

The majority of fatal pulmonary emboli arise from deep vein thromboses in the lower limb. Pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of death in hospitalized patients. The classification, history, epidemiology, pathophysiology and prognosis are disclosed. An overview of the current recommendations for venous thromboembolism in surgical and medical patients and the failure of its application are discussed. The use of adequate thromboprophylaxis in approximately only one-third of patients is a familiar account. Prophylaxis guidelines use risk stratification systems, which lend to confusion by clinicians with the inevitable consequence of failed prophylaxis implementation. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence are due to provide national prophylactic guidelines in May 2007. Simplified guidelines, a national consensus, and continued education of patients and health care professions to maintain compliance, is the solution to thromboprophylaxis.