Population
3,333 Framingham study participants free of heart failure, mean age 58 years, 54% women
Design
Cohort
Authors
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Lower BNP in metabolic syndrome may alter HF diagnostic thresholds; observational data leaves open causal and prognostic implications.
In ambulatory individuals without heart failure, the presence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance is associated with significantly lower circulating natriuretic peptide levels.
Wang et al. (2007) studied this question.
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