Newly manufactured Marukome MK-34-1 miso with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and its antihypertensive effects in genetic hypertensive rat models

Figures

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  Fig. 1. ACE inhibitory activity of shinki miso. Miso extracts were separated according to molecular weights using membrane sieves as described in the text. In this assay system, the concentrations of both miso extracts to be analyzed were well above the IC50 (100 mg/mL). The left open column represents the nenrin miso, and the right solid column represents the shinki miso rich in ACE inhibitory activity

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  Fig. 2. ACE inhibitory activity in fractionated effluents as determined by C18 reversed-phase HPLC. The upper graph represents <3 kDa nenrin miso extracts, and the lower graph represents <3 kDa extracts of shinki miso. The miso extracts (10 µL) were analyzed using C18 reversed-phase HPLC as described in the text

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  Fig. 3. Body weight changes and cumulative amounts of solution consumption in the experimental groups. The body weight changes are shown in graph (a). The cumulative amounts of consumed miso and salt solutions are shown in graph (b). Open squares, salt solution group; open circles, nenrin miso group; closed circles, shinki miso group. The values in the graphs represent the means ± SD (n = 10 in each group). Group differences in graph (a) were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc test (Fisher LSD test), and those in group (b) were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. There were no group differences in body weights at day 14 and day 21. The cumulative amounts of miso or salt solution consumed during the experiment differed among the groups (P < 0.001). The difference between the salt solution and nenrin miso groups was significant (P < 0.025); however, the consumption of the shinki miso group did not differ from that of the nenrin miso group

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  Fig. 4. Effects of shinki miso on systolic blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm. Open squares, salt solution group; open circles, nenrin miso group; closed circles, shinki miso rich in ACE inhibitory activity group. The values in the graph represent the means ± SD (n = 10 in each group). Group differences were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with Fisher’s LSD test (P < 0.001). *P < 0.05 vs salt solution group, †P < 0.05 vs nenrin miso group

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  Fig. 5. Effects of shinki miso on renal function in SHRSP/Izm. Creatinine clearance rates are shown in graph (a). The effects of miso on urinary protein excretion and oxygen stress are shown in graph (b). Salt solution, group given salt solution; nenrin, nenrin miso group; shinki, shinki miso rich in ACE inhibitory activity group. The values in the graph represent the means ± SD (n = 10 in each group). Differences were assessed with Mann–Whitney U tests. *P < 0.05 vs salt solution group

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  Fig. 6. Combined effects of shinki miso and nenrin on salt-induced hypertension in Dahl rats. Salt solution, group given salt solution; awase, group given a combination of shinki and nenrin miso; nenrin, group given nenrin miso. Differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test. The values in the graph represent the means ± SD (n = 8 in each group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 vs salt solution group

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  Fig. 7. Cumulative solution intake and food consumption in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The cumulative solution intake during the experiment is shown in graph (a), and food consumption is shown in graph (b). Salt solution, group given salt solution; awase, group given a combination of shinki and nenrin miso; nenrin, group given nenrin miso. The values in the graph represent as the means ± SD (n = 8 in each group). Differences among groups in the cumulative amount of solutions consumed were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance with Fisher’s LSD test (P < 0.0001), and the amount of awase miso consumed was higher than that of nenrin miso (P < 0.005). Differences in cumulative food consumption were significant among the three groups (P < 0.025); however, there was no difference in food consumption between the awase miso and nenrin miso groups

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  Fig. 8. Cumulative salt intake and SBP on day 28 normalized to cumulative salt intake. Based on the amount of solution intake and food consumption over 28 days, the cumulative salt intake was estimated and is shown in graph (a). SBP values normalized to cumulative salt intake during the experiment are shown in graph (b). Salt solution, group given salt solution; awase, group given a combination of shinki and nenrin miso; nenrin, group given nenrin miso. The values in the graph represent the means ± SD (n = 8 in each group). Differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test. ***P < 0.001 vs salt solution, †P < 0.05 vs nenrin

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  Fig. 9. Urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. Salt solution, group given salt solution; awase, group given a combination of shinki and nenrin miso; nenrin, group given nenrin miso. The values in the graph represent the means ± SD (n = 8 in each group). Differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test. ***P < 0.001 vs salt solution, †P < 0.05 vs nenrin