We have developed a high voltage atomic force microscope that allowed us to tailor submicrometer ferroelectric domains in bulk ferroelectrics. One- and two-dimensional domain configurations have been fabricated in LiNbO3, RbTiOPO4, and RbTiOAsO4 ferroelectric crystals. It is found that the application of superhigh electric fields (reaching 5×107 V/cm) by the atomic force microscope tip leads to a unique polarization reversal mechanism, and open the way to a technology for photonic and acoustic devices.
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Rosenman et al. (2003) studied this question.
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