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Emphasizes Ca2+ centrality in contraction; extends historical context for cardiac signaling research.
Calcium and cAMP are universal intracellular messengers. Their discovery and characterization initiated a new era of understanding of intracellular signalling. cAMP is ideal for its role as an intracellular mediator, being small, diffusible and readily synthesized and broken down in the cytoplasm. The small Ca2+ ion is also very suitable, being always present both intracellularly and in extracellular spaces. This article recalls the considerable experimental and conceptual difficulties that were overcome to establish that Ca2+ is an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction.
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Clara Franzini‐Armstrong (1998) studied this question.
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