Predictors of Mortality, Rehospitalization for Syncope and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Syncope

BACKGROUND: Predictors of poor outcomes remain unknown for cardiovascular syncope patients after discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients admitted to hospital with cardiovascular syncope. We then performed Cox stepwise logistic regression analysis to identify significant independent factors for death, rehospitalization for syncope, and cardiovascular events. The study group was 206 patients with cardiovascular syncope. Of them, bradycardia was diagnosed in 50%, tachycardia in 27%, and structural disease in 23%. During a 1-year follow-up period, 18 (8%) and 45 (23%) patients, respectively, were rehospitalized for syncope or a cardiovascular event, and 10 (4%) died. Independent predictors of cardiovascular events were systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg (odds ratio [OR] 3.25; 95%confidence interval [CI] 1.41-7.51, P=0.006) and implantation of a pacemaker (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.51, P=0.0005) (inverse association). Drug-induced syncope (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.54-12.8, P=0.007) was an independent risk factor for rehospitalization. Finally, a history of congestive heart failure (OR 11.0; 95% CI 2.78-54.7, P=0.0006) and systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg (OR 5.40; 95% CI 1.30-22.7, P=0.02) were identified as significant independent prognostic factors for death. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-induced syncope, hypotension, no indication for a pacemaker, and a history of congestive heart failure are risk factors post-discharge for patients with cardiovascular syncope and careful follow-up of these patients for at least 1 year is recommended.