Key result
Enoximone successfully treated severe poisoning with atenolol and verapamil, providing a beta-independent inotropic alternative to glucagon.
Case Report (n=1)
Phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) inhibitors like enoximone may represent a viable beta-independent inotropic alternative for treating severe combined calcium channel blocker and beta-blocker poisoning.
Enoximone may offer a beta-independent inotrope in combined beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdose; single case leaves open need for prospective validation.
Combined poisoning with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta-blockers is usually associated with severe hypotension and heart failure. Due to the block of the beta receptors, treatment with adrenergic agonists, even at high doses, can be insufficient, and beta-independent inotropes, such as glucagon, may be required. Phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) inhibitors represent a possible alternative to glucagon in these cases as they have an inotropic effect which is not mediated by a beta receptor.
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Sandroni et al. (2004) conducted a case report in Severe poisoning with atenolol and verapamil (n=1). Enoximone was evaluated. Enoximone successfully treated severe poisoning with atenolol and verapamil, providing a beta-independent inotropic alternative to glucagon.
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