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The study provides a mathematical proof that estimating mean heart rate from cardiotachometer data points inherently overestimates the true average heart rate.
This paper discusses the inherent discrepancy between the mean heart rate computed from a series of cardiotachometer data points and the true average heart rate. A mathematical proof that the mean cardiotachometer rate always exceeds the true when individual beats are sampled in the presence of variability is given. Examples which illustrate the magnitude of the discrepancy also are presented.
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Thorne et al. (1976) studied this question.
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