Key result
Urdu-speaking individuals had the highest estimated 10-year risk of ASCVD events compared to other ethnicities, while Sindhis had the lowest risk (mean rank 216.50 vs 145.18, p=0.001).
Why the study?
The study was conducted to estimate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases across various ethnicities of Pakistan using the Astro-CHARM risk calculator and the Pooled Cohort Equations.
Cross-Sectional (n=386)
No
A significant proportion of asymptomatic Pakistani individuals, particularly those of Urdu-speaking ethnicity, have a high estimated 10-year risk of ASCVD, highlighting the need for targeted primary prevention strategies.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform ethnicity-specific ASCVD risk assessment in Pakistan; leaves open need for prospective validation before clinical use.
Objective: To estimate the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) in various ethnicities of Pakistan using Astronaut Cardiovascular Health and Risk Modification (Astro-CHARM) risk calculator and the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE). Methods: Individuals of both gender between 40 to 65 years of age without pre-existing coronary artery disease from residents of Karachi were recruited through snowball sampling technique. Study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan during January to June 2019. Ethnicity of the participants was categorized based on their mother tongue. Ten-year risk of ASCVD event was estimated using Astro-CHARM Calculator and PCE. Results: Mean age of a total of 386 individuals was 49(±7.1) years and 45.3% (175) were females. Urdu-speaking individuals were 33.4%(129) of the sample, while, 18.4%(71) Pushtoons, 14%(54) Sindhi, 13%(50) Punjabi, 2.6%(10) Balochi, and remaining 18.7%(72) were of other ethnicities. High risk (≥7.5%) individuals were 20.7% (80/386) as per PCE and 11.1% (43/386) as per Astro-CHARM. As per Astro-CHARM, Sindhis’ had the least risk of ten-years ASCVD event among all the ethnicities, while, Urdu-speakings’ had the highest risk with mean rank of 145.18 vs. 216.50, p-value=0.001. Conclusion: A significant 10-years risk of first ASCVD event was observed in our population. ASCVD risk is alarmingly high in some ethnicities, such as Urdu-speaking, owing to the increased prevalence of traditional modifiable risk factors, such as diabetes and smoking. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2618 How to cite this:Ashraf T, Nadeem A, Sarwar S, Karim M. Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in various Ethnicities of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1158-1164. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2618 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Ashraf et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) risk (n=386). Ethnicity (Urdu-speaking vs Sindhi) vs. Other ethnicities was evaluated on 10-year risk of ASCVD event estimated using Astro-CHARM Calculator (p=0.001). Urdu-speaking individuals had the highest estimated 10-year risk of ASCVD events compared to other ethnicities, while Sindhis had the lowest risk (mean rank 216.50 vs 145.18, p=0.001).
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