Key result
Age ≥50 years is linked to ~10-fold higher odds of elevated ASCVD risk.
Why the study?
The risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the Pakistani population was assessed to understand major underlying risk factors.
Cross-Sectional (n=9,885)
Traditional risk factors including age, male sex, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, and hypertension strongly predict high ACC/AHA ASCVD risk scores in the Pakistani population.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
ASCVD risk estimates in Pakistan require local validation; leaves open whether ACC/AHA calculator applies without prospective calibration.
Objective To assess the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in Pakistani population. Methodology This cross-sectional study includes 9885 subjects with ASCVD risk. Baseline demographic characteristics were obtained by using predesigned questionnaire. Clinical tests were analyzed by collecting fasting blood sample. Risk calculator application (Software) developed by ACC/AHA used to score the risk of ASCVD. Risk score with age group <7.5 was considered low at risk and ≥7.5 high at risk. Results Mean age of subjects was 49.42±10.58 years. Significant difference for basic demographic and clinical characteristics (p<0.0001) was observed except for diabetes and hypertension. Subjects of age ≥50 years had 9.73 (95% CI=7.24–13.06) times higher risk of ASCVD in ASCVD risk score15–19.9. Males 4.09 (95% CI=3.4–4.93) times, subjects with diabetes 5.8(95% CI=4.86–6.93) times and smokers 2.05(95% CI=1.68–2.49) times had greater chance of ASCVD in ≥20 risk score respectively. Subjects with high cholesterol and taking treatment for hypertension had greater chance of ASCVD in ≥20 ASCVD risk score, while significantly high odd ratio in all ASCVD risk score was observed for Systolic Blood Pressure. Conclusion Our findings are comparable as per the reported international data highlighting that history of current smoking, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and hypertension are considered as a major potential underlying risk factors for ASCVD in Pakistani individuals.
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Hassan et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk (n=9,885). Cardiovascular risk factors (age ≥50, male sex, diabetes, smoking) vs. Absence of respective risk factors was evaluated on High ASCVD risk score (OR 9.73, 95% CI 7.24-13.06). Age ≥50 years (OR 9.73; 95% CI 7.24-13.06), diabetes (OR 5.8), and smoking (OR 2.05) were associated with significantly higher odds of having a high ASCVD risk score in Pakistani individuals.
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