Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 infection

RATIONALE: We present the first case of enterovirus (EV) D68, lineage B3 infection, associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in Taiwan. AFM caused by EV D68 is relatively rare. This report highlights the importance of clinical recognition of the disease and discusses treatments that can benefit such patients. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 5-year-old boy experienced sudden onset of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) involving left arm after fever and respiratory symptoms for 3 days. DIAGNOSES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord revealed signal changes over segments C1 to T5 on a T2-weighted image (T2WI), compatible with the diagnosis of AFM. The EV D68 strain, cultured from the throat of the patient was identified. INTERVENTIONS: We administered intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 1g/kg, twice), pulse steroid therapy (methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg, twice) and oral prednisolone (1mg/kg/day). Rehabilitation was also arranged. OUTCOMES: The patient still had mild muscle atrophy over left arm after following-up for 1 year. LESSONS: Early diagnosis and prompt management are essential for managing this kind of patient. IVIG, pulse therapy, and oral prednisolone may play crucial roles in controlling its clinical course.