Key result
A case of acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus D68 occurred in 2017, demonstrating that the disease can arise even in non-epidemic situations.
Why the study?
To report a case of acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 occurring in 2017 after the 2015 epidemic in Japan, during a non-epidemic period.
Case Report (n=1)
AFM caused by EV-D68 should be included in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with paralysis, even in the absence of an epidemic.
Supports including EV-D68 in AFM differentials year-round; case report leaves open population incidence estimates.
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a recently defined clinical disease accompanied by the national outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in the United States during the late summer/fall of 2014; 258 cases of EV-D68 and 59 cases of AFM were reported in Japan during the late summer/fall of 2015. Subsequently, there have been no epidemics of AFM or EV-D68. However, we encountered a patient who had AFM associated with EV-D68 in 2017. This is the first case of AFM caused by EV-D68 after the 2015 epidemic, and the only reported case in 2017. This report indicates that AFM caused by EV-D68 can arise even in non-epidemic situations. If a patient presents with paralysis, AFM caused by EV-D68 should be included in the differential diagnosis, regardless of the absence of an epidemic of EV-D68 infection.
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Hatayama et al. (2019) conducted a case report in Acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 (n=1). Enterovirus D68 infection was evaluated. A case of acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus D68 occurred in 2017, demonstrating that the disease can arise even in non-epidemic situations.
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