Atopic Dermatitis and its Pathophysiology- A Critical Review

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease. Loss of function or mutation in filaggrin lead to skin barrier disruption that initiate AD. Later Type 2 cytokines promote skin inflammation and cause immune dysregulation which is also important in the pathogenesis of the disease. Alteration in skin hostbiome interaction help to propagate the immune response. IgE mediated allergic sensitization and environmental factors such as climate, urban vs rural life, diet, breast feeding, smoking exert effect that are also involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Recent findings on AD and the possible mechanism of its pathophysiology are discussed in this review which will help us to find potential therapeutic approach for this disease.