Cardiac asthma may be driven by circulating inflammatory and tissue growth factors rather than just pulmonary edema, highlighting the need for novel therapies given the poor response to standard diuretics and bronchodilators.
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Standard therapies may be inadequate for cardiac asthma; hypothesis-generating for inflammatory factor-targeted interventions.
Cardiac asthma has been defined as wheezing, coughing and orthopnea due to congestive heart failure. The clinical distinction between bronchial asthma and cardiac asthma can be straight forward, except in patients with chronic lung disease coexisting with left heart disease. Pulmonary edema and pulmonary vascular congestion have been thought to be the primary causes of cardiac asthma but most patients have a poor response to diuretics. There appears to be limited effectiveness of classical asthma medications like bronchodilators or corticosteroids in treating cardiac asthma. Evidence suggests that circulating inflammatory factors and tissue growth factors also lead to airway obstruction suggesting the possibility of developing novel therapies.
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Tanabe et al. (2012) studied this question.
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