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We report the formation of phenanthrene-based fused lactone derivatives based on C(sp 3 )–H bond functionalization initiated triple ring construction. Employing a stoichiometric amount of Bi(OTf) 3 was the key to the success of the present reaction. The reaction was stopped in the double ring construction under catalytic conditions. A detailed examination suggested that selecting an alkyl group adjacent to a methoxy group was critical to achieving the third cyclization (lactonization).
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Koyama et al. (2025) studied this question.
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