Population
Frog fast-twitch muscle cells (n=30 cells, approximately 17,000 sparks evaluated)
Comparison
Exposure to caffeine, low internal [Mg], or high… vs Reference conditions
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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Hypothesis-generating for multichannel Ca2+ spark origins in animals; leaves open translation to human disease or therapy.
Changes in spark width at constant rise times provide evidence of a multichannel origin of Ca(2+) sparks, with ridge and ember likely representing Ca(2+) release directly operated by voltage sensors.
Gonzalez et al. (2000) studied this question.
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