Is Primary Aldosteronism Rare or Common among Hypertensive Patients?

Gordon RD, Stowasser M, Tunny TJ, Klemm SA, Rutherford JC : High incidence of primary hyperaldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1994; 21 : 315–318. Article CAS Google Scholar Lim PO, Dow E, Brennan G, Jung RT, MacDonald TM : High prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in the Tayside hypertension clinic population. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14 : 311–315. Article CAS Google Scholar Sherwin RP, Conn JW : Present status of pathology of adrenal gland in hypertension. Am J Surg 1964; 107 : 136–143. Article CAS Google Scholar Conn JW : The evolution of primary aldosteronism: 1954–1967. Harvey Lect 1968; 62 : 257–291. Google Scholar Fogari R, Preti P, Zoppi A, Rinaldi A, Fogari E, Mugellini A : Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among unselected hypertensive patients: a prospective study based on the use of an aldosterone/renin ratio above 25 as screening test. Hypertens Res 2007; 30 : 111–117. Article Google Scholar Omura M, Saito J, Yamaguchi K, et al : Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan. Hypertens Res 2004; 27 : 193–202. Article Google Scholar Plouin PF, Amar L, Chatellier G, on behalf of the COMETE-Conn Study Group: Trends in the prevalence of primary aldosteronism, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and surgically correctable aldosterone-dependent hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19 : 774–777. Nishikawa T, Omura M : Clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism: its prevalence and comparative studies on various causes of primary aldosteronism in Yokohama Rosai Hospital. Biomed Pharmacother 2000; 54 ( Suppl 1): 83–85. Article Google Scholar Hiramatsu K, Yamada T, Yukimura Y, et al : A screening test to identify aldosterone-producing adenoma by measuring plasma renin activity: results in hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med 1981; 141 : 1589–1593. Article CAS Google Scholar Kaplan NM : Primary hypertension: pathogenesis, in: Clinical Hypertension , 7th ed. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1998, pp 60–63. Google Scholar Kaplan NM : Cautions over the current epidemic of primary aldosteronism. Lancet 2001; 357 : 953–954. Article CAS Google Scholar Montori VM, Young WF Jr : Use of plasma aldosterone concentration-to-plasma renin activity ratio as a screening test for primary aldosteronism. A systematic review of the literature. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002; 31 : 619–632. Article CAS Google Scholar Gordon RD, Stowasser M, Tunny TJ, Klemm SA, Finn WL, Krek AL : Clinical and pathological diversity of primary aldosteronism including a new familiar variety. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1991; 18 : 283–286. Article CAS Google Scholar Sutherland DJA, Ruse JL, Laidlaw JC : Hypertension, increased aldosterone secretion and low plasma renin activity relieved by dexamethasone. Can Med Assoc J 1966; 95 : 1109–1119. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Omura M, Sasano H, Fujiwara T, Yamaguchi K, Nishikawa T : Unique cases of unilateral hyperaldosteronism due to multiple adrenocortical micronodules, which can only be detected by selected adrenal venous sampling. Metabolism 2002; 51 : 350–355. Article CAS Google Scholar Download references