The U.S. and Chinese Competition in Latin America in the 21st Century

The U.S. has been the main foreign power shaping Latin American geopolitics, economies, and security since the Monroe Doctrine was established in 1823. Latin America is also considered to be a key trading partner, top security priority, and main source of both legal and illegal immigration for the U.S. After the Cold War, the U.S. became heavily involved with the Middle East, and newly emerging China exploited this opportunity and increased its influence in Latin America. For the first time, the U.S. faced strong competition from another major power in its backyard. This paper uses qualitative analysis and reviews of various literature sources that explore the relations between the U.S. and Latin America and how China’s rising influence challenged its national interest in its historical backyard. Then, we examine how economic engagement and trade shaped the ongoing rivalry between two superpowers and its continuing impact on the region. Finally, the paper evaluates China's progressively increasing security and military cooperation with Latin American countries as a part of China’s global strategy and how it will affect the U.S. security interest and influence in the region and beyond.