Why the study?
Extramedullary relapse of AML is rare, and clinically significant cardiac metastasis presenting with multiple manifestations is even more infrequent.
This case highlights a rare presentation of extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia involving multiple cardiac masses, pericardial effusion, and complex arrhythmias, emphasizing the need to consider cardiac metastasis in leukemic patients with new cardiac symptoms.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that, through clonal transformation, results in abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults; however, extramedullary relapse is rare, and clinically significant metastasis to the heart with multiple presentations is even more infrequent. We present a case of a patient with AML, who, after successful treatment and remission, was found to have extramedullary metastasis in the form of one pericardial and two intracardiac masses, as well as a large pericardial effusion and conduction abnormalities.
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Najam et al. (2023) studied this question.
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