Estimating Heart Rate, Energy Expenditure, and Physical Performance With a Wrist Photoplethysmographic Device During Running

Figures

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  Figure 1. Comparison of HR from chest strap (black line) and wrist PPG device (red line) during maximum exercise test: (A) best accuracy, (B) average accuracy, and (C) worst case.

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  Figure 2. Bland−Altman plot comparing the wrist PPG device and chest strap HR device during maximum exercise protocol in all 24 subjects (solid horizontal line: bias, dashed lines: 95% confidence limits of agreement).

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  Figure 3. Bland−Altman plot comparing the phone GPS distance measured by the PulseOn app and a reference tracker distance estimation during outdoor running protocol (solid horizontal line: bias, dashed lines: 95% confidence limits of agreement).

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  Figure 4. Bland−Altman plot of VO2Max estimates from the PulseOn app (wrist PPG device + phone GPS) during a submaximal exercise test versus gas analyzer based estimate during maximal exercise tests−dots represent data when age−based maximum HR is used for an estimation, while an asterix represents estimations based on true measured maximum HR (solid horizontal line: bias, dashed lines: 95% confidence limits of agreement).

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  Figure 5. Bland−Altman plot comparing an energy expenditure estimation with a wrist PPG device and gas analyzer during a maximum exercise test−the asterisk denotes data before the aerobic threshold, while dots represent data between aerobic and anaerobic thresholds (solid horizontal line: bias, dashed lines: 95% confidence limits of agreement).