Key result
INOCA is a multifactorial condition affecting 3-4 million people in the US, predominantly women, with current treatments targeting angina, atherosclerosis, and coronary microvascular dysfunction.
INOCA is a prevalent condition, particularly affecting women, that carries adverse morbidity and requires targeted treatment strategies for angina, atherosclerosis, and coronary microvascular dysfunction.
INOCA warrants greater clinical awareness due to its prevalence and risks; leaves open optimal diagnostic and management strategies.
Ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is defined as patients with evidence of myocardial ischemia without obstructive coronary artery disease. About 3-4 million people in the United States have INOCA, more commonly affecting women, and carries adverse morbidity, mortality, and relatively high healthcare costs. The pathophysiology of INOCA appears to be multi-factorial with a variety of contributing mechanisms. Diagnosis of INOCA is suggested by non-invasive or invasive testing consistent with myocardial ischemia. Due to the high prevalence of coronary risk factors and atherosclerosis in the INOCA population, current treatment strategies target angina, coronary atherosclerosis, and atherosclerotic risk factors, as well as burgeoning treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Ongoing clinical trials are assessing different options.
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Polyak et al. (2023) conducted a review in Ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). INOCA is a multifactorial condition affecting 3-4 million people in the US, predominantly women, with current treatments targeting angina, atherosclerosis, and coronary microvascular dysfunction.
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