Key result
Proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen modulates blood pressure and sodium balance, and its overexpression in animal models leads to hypertension and renal injury.
This review highlights the role of proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen in modulating blood pressure and its potential contribution to hypertension and renal injury.
May guide kidney-specific RAAS therapies; extends animal data but leaves open human translation.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although the existence of a complete intrarenal renin-angiotensin system is now well established, its role in modulating tubule sodium transport and blood pressure is incompletely understood. Several recent studies have shed light on one component of the system, proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen (AGT). This review discusses the synthesis, regulation and function of AGT in the proximal tubule. RECENT FINDINGS: Under normal sodium intake, AGT within the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule may derive from the systemic circulation, whereas the S3 segment synthesizes AGT. Urinary AGT likely primarily reflects proximal tubule-derived AGT. Proximal tubule AGT synthesis is regulated by high Na intake, angiotensin-II and inflammatory cytokines. Transgenic expression of mouse AGT in the proximal tubule causes hypertension. Overexpression of rat AGT in the proximal tubule leads to hypertension, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation via NADPH oxidase, tubular apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis; these effects can be mitigated by catalase overexpression. SUMMARY: Proximal tubule-derived AGT has the potential to modulate blood pressure and sodium balance, and promote renal injury. Interactions with the systemic renin-angiotensin system may influence the role of proximal tubule-derived AGT in the kidney.
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Ramkumar et al. (2012) conducted a review in Hypertension. Proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen (AGT) was evaluated. Proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen modulates blood pressure and sodium balance, and its overexpression in animal models leads to hypertension and renal injury.
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