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April 18, 2023The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Anemia: Does Age Predict Risk of Salmonella Infection?

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Authors

EHErik M. HegemanBrooke Army Medical CenterTBTaylor BatesBrooke Army Medical CenterTLTom LynchBrooke Army Medical Center

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Overview

Systematic review finds Salmonella is the leading cause of osteomyelitis in young sickle cell anemia patients, indicating presentation age mirrors geographic healthcare disparities.

Key Points

  • To determine the predominant causative pathogen of osteomyelitis in homozygous sickle cell anemia and evaluate whether patient age correlates with Salmonella infection.
  • Searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia patients.
  • Excluded non-English publications, case reports, literature reviews, isolated septic arthritis without bone involvement, and isolated oral-facial infections.
  • Nontyphoid Salmonella was the most frequent pathogen cultured, occurring in 117 of 192 cases (60.9%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 41 of 192 (21.8%) and other enteric bacteria in 14 of 192 (7.2%).
  • Patients in the Salmonella cohort presented at a significantly younger mean age compared with the S. aureus cohort (6.8 years vs 22.1 years, P = 0.0001).
  • African cohorts showed an older average age of diagnosis (13.1 years) with lower rates of Salmonella and higher rates of other organisms compared to the US, Middle East, and Europe.

Cite This Study

Hegeman et al. (2023) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7bb16601db1a7270ed211bhttps://doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000003937
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1SICKLE CELL DISEASE AND OSTEOMYELITIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA SP IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT – CASE REPORT2026
  2. 2Whole-Genome Analysis of <i>Salmonella</i> Associated with Osteomyelitis in Senegalese Children with Sickle Cell Disease2026
  3. 3P-81. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Salmonella Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Cases2026
  4. 4Profile of Infections in Sickle Cell Anemia (Disease or Trait): A Prospective Study from Western India2025
  5. 5Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi osteomyelitis in a young adult with sickle cell and thalassemia traits: A possible association2018 · 6 citations