Prevalence and Patterns of Malnutrition in Cerebral Palsy: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Global Studies

Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of global studies on the prevalence and patterns of malnutrition in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). By examining the available evidence, this review seeks to enhance our understanding of malnutrition in CP, identify research gaps, and propose directions for future research. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Mendeley and Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies published between 2018 and February 2023. Studies reporting original observations in children and adolescents with CP, and measuring malnutrition through anthropometric measures, biochemical tests, or other nutritional factors, were included. The Systematic Review and Narrative Appraisal (SANRA) guidelines were followed during the review process. Results: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies were conducted in more than 25 countries across all continents, providing a global perspective on malnutrition in CP. The prevalence of malnutrition varied across regions, with rates ranging from 15.4% to 92.6% for underweight, and 35% to 85.9% for stunting. Several factors, including motor impairment severity, feeding difficulties, and sociodemographic factors, were associated with malnutrition in CP. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as iron deficiency anemia, were also observed in some studies. Conclusion: This comprehensive narrative review highlights the significant prevalence of malnutrition in individuals with CP globally. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive nutritional assessments, tailored interventions, and close monitoring of nutritional status in clinical practice. By addressing malnutrition, healthcare professionals can improve the overall health, growth, and quality of life for individuals with CP. Further research is needed to explore the long-term trajectories of malnutrition in CP and to develop evidence-based interventions to mitigate its impact on this vulnerable population.