The process of osteogenesis includes the well-coordinated proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells. It is known that mesenchymal stem cells are the progenitor cells in this process. They differentiate into osteoblasts and give rise to new bone formation. Osteogenesis happens not only as a normal process during embryonal development but also as result of some dis-eases, traumatic injury, and fractures. The mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes of ossification are similar. However, the factors participating have not yet been studied in detail. The involvement of genetic mechanisms, cell growth fac-tors, pharmacological substances, biochemical pathways and nutrients are reported committing to osteogenic differentiation at multiple levels. In conclusion, osteogenesis is a complex process and a modern approach to the influencing factors is needed.
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Kadreva et al. (2023) studied this question.
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