Nanomedicine, Nano Therapeutics and Targeted Drug Delivery: Current Advances, Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives

This comprehensive review examines the fundamental principles, diverse nanocarrier platforms, targeted delivery strategies, and clinical applications of nanomedicine across multiple disease domains. The article provides an in-depth analysis of established and emerging nanocarrier systems including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrites, metallic nanoparticles, and biomimetic exosomes. Furthermore, it explores passive and active targeting mechanisms, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, and the integration of artificial intelligence and CRISPR technologies into nano therapeutics.