Key result
All tested Coxsackie B virus isolates showed an absolute requirement for the Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) for infection, but varied in their dependence on Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF).
p-value: p=<0.05
This in vitro study demonstrates that while all tested Coxsackie B virus isolates require the CAR receptor for infection, their dependence on the DAF co-receptor varies significantly, even within the same serotype.
CAR remains essential for Coxsackie B entry in vitro; leaves open whether variable DAF dependence influences human disease or antiviral strategies.
BACKGROUND: Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) and Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) have been identified as cellular receptors for Coxsackie B viruses (CV-B). The aim of this study is to elucidate the different binding properties of CV-B serotypes and to find out if there are any amino acid changes that could be associated to the different phenotypes.Twenty clinical CV-B isolates were tested on CaCo-2 cell line using anti-DAF (BRIC216) and anti-CAR (RmcB) antibodies. CV-B3 Nancy prototype strain and a recombinant strain (Rec, CV-B3/B4) were tested in parallel. The P1 genomic region of 12 CV-B isolates from different serotypes was sequenced and the Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) along with the virus growth cycle was measured. RESULTS: Infectivity assays revealed clear differences between CV-B isolates with regard to their interactions with DAF and CAR. All tested CV-B isolates showed an absolute requirement for CAR but varied in their binding to DAF. We also reported that for some isolates of CV-B, DAF attachment was not adapted. Genetic analysis of the P1 region detected multiple differences in the deduced amino acid sequences. CONCLUSION: Within a given serotype, variations exist in the capacity of virus isolates to bind to specific receptors, and variants with different additional ligands may arise during infection in humans as well as in tissue culture.
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Riabi et al. (2014) studied Coxsackie B virus infection (in vitro). Anti-CAR and anti-DAF antibodies vs. Control (no antibodies) was evaluated on Infectivity and receptor binding (virus titer and TEER) (p=<0.05). All tested Coxsackie B virus isolates showed an absolute requirement for the Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) for infection, but varied in their dependence on Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF).
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