Key result
This narrative review examines sex differences in heart failure syndromes, highlighting how cellular effects of sex hormones and implicit bias lead to undertreatment in women.
Why the study?
Heart failure involves known sex differences across various cardiomyopathies driven by biological mechanisms and implicit bias leading to undertreatment and underrepresentation in trials.
This review emphasizes the need to recognize and address sex-specific pathophysiological differences and implicit biases in the management of women with heart failure.
May warrant vigilance for sex bias in HF care; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes in women.
Heart failure affects over 2.6 million women and 3.4 million men in the United States with known sex differences in epidemiology, management, response to treatment, and outcomes across a wide spectrum of cardiomyopathies that include peripartum cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stress cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, and sarcoidosis. Some of these sex-specific considerations are driven by the cellular effects of sex hormones on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial response to injury, vascular aging, and left ventricular remodeling. Other sex differences are perpetuated by implicit bias leading to undertreatment and underrepresentation in clinical trials. The goal of this narrative review is to comprehensively examine the existing literature over the last decade regarding sex differences in various heart failure syndromes from pathophysiological insights to clinical practice.
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A 2022 study conducted a review in Heart failure. This narrative review examines sex differences in heart failure syndromes, highlighting how cellular effects of sex hormones and implicit bias lead to undertreatment in women.
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