Gastrodin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy characterized by myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the KLK8-PAR1 signaling axis

100 healthy male C57BL/6 mice (18-22 g, 6-8 weeks) with diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by high-sugar, high-fat (HSF) diet and streptozotocin (STZ), and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts exposed to high glucose and high palmitic acid.

Gastrodin (GAS) administered by gavage (50 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day) once every two days for 12 weeks (in vivo); GAS (1 µM or 5 µM) (in vitro).

Saline treatment (DCM control group) and Metformin (100 mg/kg/day) as positive control (in vivo); DMSO or untreated HG-PA exposed CFs (in vitro).

Cardiac function (LVEDD, LVESD, FS, EF) by echocardiography, and myocardial fibrosis (collagen deposition, α-SMA, TGF-β1, Collagen I/III expression).surrogate