Design and validation of a novel multiple sites signal acquisition and analysis system based on pressure stimulation for human cardiovascular information

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Diagram of the system. (a) block diagram; (b) real picture.

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  Fig. 2. Pressure waveform of six cuffs placed on two-side the arms, wrists, and ankles during the entire signal-collection process.

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  Fig. 3. Calibration of key parameters. (a) for ECG amplitude; (b) for blood oxygen saturation; (c) for pressure signals of six cuffs; (d) for fitting coefficient of systolic and diastolic pressure; (e) the waveform of HLSs when simulated normal heart sound is input.

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  Fig. 4. The waveform of 27-channel signals from moment t = 146.88 s to t = 156.88 s about subject2.

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  Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of some characteristic parameters. (a) about ECG; (b) about BODWSs.

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  Fig. 6. Some analysis results of ECG about the subject2. (a) The amplitude differences between S-wave and P-wave, S-wave and T-wave, S-wave and R-wave, R-wave and Q-wave of ECG; (b) The time between Q-wave and S-wave, P-wave and R-wave, R-wave and T-wave, R-wave and R-wave of ECG; (c) The amplitude ratios of ST/SR, SP/ST, QR/SR, RT/RP, and the time ratio of RT/RP; (d) Normalized amplitude max-change rate of R-wave to S-wave, and Q-wave to R-wave of ECG; (e) ECG of lead II obtained by electrocardiograph; (f) ECG of lead II obtained by the system.

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  Fig. 7. Some characteristic parameters of HS and LS about the subject. (a) The time between R-peak and maximum amplitude of S1, R-peak and maximum amplitude of S2, R-peak and maximum amplitude-change rate of S1, R-peak and maximum amplitude-change rate of S2; (b) The ratios between the time shown in Fig. 7(a) and R-R wave interval; (c) The ratios of maximum amplitude and maximum amplitude-change rate of S2 and S1, and the mean and maximum of amplitude during segment 1, of the amplitude mean during from segment 2 to segment 3 and segment 1, the ratios of mean and maximum of amplitude-change rate during from segment 2 to 3 and segment 1 about HS; (d) The ratios of the mean and maximum of amplitude during segment1, of the amplitude mean during from segment 2 to segment 3 and segment 1, the ratios of mean and maximum of amplitude-change rate during from segment 2 to 3 and segment 1 about LS.

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  Fig. 8. Some characteristic-parameter distribution of six-channel PPS and four-channel optoelectronic pulse about the subject. (a) The pressure distribution of six-channel pressure signals during RMPS1, RMPS3-RMPS4, RMPS6-RMPS7; (b) The pressure distribution of six-channel pressure signals during RMPS2 and RMPS5; (c) The time of R-peak and maximum amplitude-change rate of six-channel pressure pulse signals during RMPS1,RMPS3-RMPS4,RMPS6-RMPS7;(d) The time of R-peak and maximum amplitude-change rate of six-channel pressure pulse signals during RMPS2 and RMPS5; (e) The time distribution of RWMACR about optoelectronic pulse signals at both-side fingers and earlobes during RMPS1, RMPS3-RMPS4, RMPS6-RMPS7; (f) The time distribution of RWMACR about optoelectronic pulse signals at both-side fingers and earlobes during RMPS2 and RMPS5;

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  Fig. 9. The ratios of mean and maximum amplitude in the frequency domain of collected 21-channel signals about the subject. (a) The ratios about HS, LS, ECG, and optoelectronic pulse signals at both-side fingers and earlobes during RMPS1; (b)The ratios about pressure pulse signals at both-side wrists and ankles during RMPS3, at both-side arms during RMPS6; (c) The ratios about optoelectronic pulse signals at both-side fingers during RMPS1; (d)The ratios about optoelectronic pulse signals at both-side toes during RMPS1.

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  Fig. 10. Some parameters about the eight subjects. (a) NSD of the amplitude of QR-wave and SR-wave about ECG, the time of the cardiac cycle about ECG, and amplitude of S1 about HS during from RMPS1 to RMPS7; (b) the K value of OPSs at left-and-right earlobes, and of OSs at both-side fingers during the RMPS1; (c) the ROS of OSs at fingers and toes during RMPS4 and RMPS7; (d) the NROS of OSs at fingers and toes during RMPS4 and RMPS7; (e) the ratios of left to right about TEWMACR of OPSs at fingers and earlobes during RMPS1, of OSs of 660 nm at fingers and toes during RMPS1, and of PPSs at wrists during RMPS3, and of PPSs at arms, and ankles during RMPS6; (f) the ratios of left to right about NMARR of OPSs at fingers and earlobes during RMPS1, of OSs of 940 nm at toes during RMPS1, and of PPSs at wrists during RMPS3, and of PPSs at arms, and ankles during RMPS6.

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  Fig. 11. ACR parameter about the eight subjects and waveform of some subjects during RMPS7. (a) ACR parameter about the eight subjects; (b) waveform of BODWSs about MS2; (c) waveform of BODWSs about MS3; (d) waveform of BODWSs about MS3.