An IFC-BIM-based methodology for spatio-temporal representation of cadastral processes: a case study of multi-storey properties in Iran

This paper proposes an IFC-BIM enrichment approach that links process-related entities in the IFC standard with temporal information for 3D cadastral objects in multi-storey properties, enabling spatio-temporal (4D) cadastre. Unlike existing BIM-based cadastre models focused on spatial representation, the method associates time-based processes with legal and spatial objects in the IFC schema. The model was implemented on a real building using Revit, Blender, and IFC. The enriched IFC supports registration and visualization of 3D legal spaces, ownership zones, easements, and boundaries with time attributes. Evaluation by 21 experts yielded a score of 4.48/5, demonstrating applicability and consistency.