The Effect of Augmented Reality Integrated Traditional Games Nglarak Blarak to Improve Critical Thinking and Graphical Representation Skills

IN T ROD UCT IO NPhysics is considered to be difficult by many students.In some literature, students view physics as conceptually complicated and abstract (Lavonen et al., 2005;Morales, 2017).Learning physics must bring students into real-life situations, and students will find physics concepts more relevant (Whitelegg & Parry, 1999).Teachers must teach how to sequentially apply the scientific methodology to develop students' ability to apply similar strategies in daily life.Also, through convincing a suitable teaching strategy, students can find the physics course understandable and achieve a good learning outcome (Gebbels et al., 2010;Vavougios et al., 2016).According to previous studies, students ' experience relating to concrete, real-life examples in physics concepts may create meaningful learning (Baran et al., 2018; Pavkov-Hrvojević & Bogdanović, 2019).Meaningful learning can help students engage in learning and improve their learning achievements.Creating fun learning activities that allow students to experience physics concept examples related to the environment surrounding students is feasible for attracting students' interest in learning physics.Local culture can be brought into the physics classroom to build a learning environment that relates to students' daily life, making the learning process meaningful.Existing indigenous knowledge integrated into physics education creates effective hybridization, incubation, skill acquisition, and sustainable development (Anthony, 2017).Besides, integrating local culture into school curricula has an advantage in perceiving national identity for students (Liliarti & Kuswanto, 2018).Indonesia is a big country that consists of a lot of ethnic groups.In Indonesia, various local cultures have potencies to be integrated into physics learning.In a previous study, the making process of traditional textile called "Batik" was brought to physics class to show the application of the thermal physics concept (Shabrina & Kuswanto, 2018).Traditional toys and games also have been used to engage Indonesian students in analytical and critical thinking during the discussion about mechanics (Maghfiroh & Kuswanto, 2022;Permata Sari et al., 2020).In Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, the influence of Javanese culture is dominant.The Javanese culture can be found in traditional games called 'Nglarak Blarak,'