Metoprolol in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a critical reappraisal

BACKGROUND: Extensive clinical experience on metoprolol has been gained in different cardiovascular conditions. REVIEW: This paper discusses the use of metoprolol, with a focus on the extended-release formulation, in clinical practice in the light of existing evidence and current recommendations. This is a narrative review based on existing evidence and clinical experience of the author. Evidence on the use of metoprolol in heart failure, ischemic artery disease, arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation is well-established. CONCLUSIONS: Metoprolol still appears to be a suitable pharmacological option in different cardiovascular conditions. Research on this molecule is still active and new, promising settings of use are being explored and may provide relevant results in the years to come.