Omentin-1 and Coronary Heart Disease

Aim. The purpose of the review is to summarize the results of studies on the relationship between the level of omentin-1 and coronary artery disease (CAD). Key points. Adipose tissue is currently considered as an endocrine organ synthesizing biologically active factors known as adipocytokines, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, in particular, CAD. Omentin-1 is an adipocytokine that is predominantly secreted by visceral adipose tissue and plays an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including CAD. Two isoforms of omentin are known: omentin-1 and omentin-2. Omentin-1 is the main circulating form of omentin. Its blood level in healthy people, according to different authors, varies from 1.61 to 815.3 ng/ml. A number of studies have found that the concentration of omentin-1 in the blood of women is higher than that of men, which may be due to sexual dimorphism of adipose tissue. The results of the studies indicate that the levels of omentin-1 circulating in the blood are associated with various metabolic risk factors. The review describes the main molecular mechanisms that determine these effects of omentin-1. A decrease in serum omentin-1 levels can be considered as an independent predictor of CAD and correlates with the severity and prognosis of this disease. A number of studies have established an association between the carriage of various variants of the omentin-1 (ITLN1) gene, CAD and obesity. The article analyzes the available data on the role of the level of omentin-1 in CAD, determined not only in the blood, but also in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. The possible prospects for the use of various molecules capable of increasing the level of omentin-1 in the blood are analyzed. Conclusion. A decrease in the level of omentin-1 may be an independent predictor of CAD and is associated with the severity and progression of the disease. It is likely that omentin-1 can act as an alternative diagnostic tool to ensure optimal management of patients with CAD. Studies of the effect of omentin-1 on the prognosis in patients with various forms of CAD are largely ambiguous and therefore further, more comprehensive studies are needed.