Myricetin protects against doxorubicin-induced liver damage by modulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. The experimental design of the study

• 

  Fig. 2. Liver weight and liver-to-body weight ratios in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. NC = negative control; PC = positive control (Dox); Hi Myr = high myricetin; Hi Myr + Dox = high myricetin (20 mg/kg) + Dox; Lo Myr = low myricetin (10 mg/kg) + Dox; CO = corn oil

• 

  Fig. 3. Total and differential leukocyte counts in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. Leu = total leukocytes; Lym = lymphocytes; Mon = monocytes; Gra = granulocytes; Gra/Lym = granulocytes/lymphocytes

• 

  Fig. 4. Total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and thrombocytes in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test

• 

  Fig. 5. Concentration of plasma proteins in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test. A/G = albumin/globulin

• 

  Fig. 6. Concentration of total bilirubin and bile acids in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test

• 

  Fig. 7. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test

• 

  Fig. 8. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total oxidative stress (TOS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the liver tissue of different experimental groups on day 11 of the study. Data are presented as mean values (bars) ± SEM (error bars). Distinct uppercase letters denote statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s post hoc test

• 

  Fig. 9. Microscopic section of the liver in the positive control group, showing: a and b: Marked congestion of the central vein (CV) and portal vein (PV). c and d: Marked congestion of the portal vein (PV) and infiltration of neutrophils (black arrows). e and f: Severe hepatocyte swelling and marked infiltration of huge numbers of neutrophils in peri-centrilobular regions (section d) and periportal area, also within liver parenchyma as indicated by black arrows, (H&E stain)

• 

  Fig. 10. Microscopic section of the liver in the negative control group, showing: a and b: Normal histologic features of the central veins (CV), portal vein (PV), and hepatocytes that are separated by a sinusoid (H&E stain)

• 

  Fig. 11. Microscopic section of the liver in the control vehicle (corn oil) group showing: a and b: Normal and uncongested central vein (CV). c: Mild swelling of the hepatocytes (H&E stain)

• 

  Fig. 12. Microscopic section of the liver in the myricetin-treated group, showing: a and b: Mild congestion of the central vein (CV). c: Mild cellular swelling, leading to narrowing of capillaries (H&E stain)