Down‐regulation of sarcolipin mRNA expression in chronic atrial fibrillation

28 patients undergoing open heart surgery, comprising 9 with mitral valvular disease and atrial fibrillation (MVD/AF), 9 with mitral valvular disease and normal sinus rhythm (MVD/NSR), and 10 controls with normal sinus rhythm.

Patients with mitral valvular disease and normal sinus rhythm, and control patients with normal sinus rhythm.

Relative expression levels of sarcolipin mRNA in the right atrial myocardium.surrogate