Men's adjustments to emotional and behavioral changes in their partners during pregnancy: A grounded theory study

Background During pregnancy, women experience physiological, emotional, and behavioral changes that may negatively impact men. There is no theory based on empirical data that can explain how men adjust to these changes. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theory to explain how men adjust to the changes in emotions and behaviors of their partners during pregnancy. Methods A theoretical sample of 29 men having lived with a pregnant wife or intimate partner, female partners, and parents were included. Open coding was initiated with three participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with audio recording and note-taking. Grounded theory analysis was used. Rigor and all methods to ensure trustworthiness were ensured. Results Four core categories emanating from data conceptualized as four sequential stages of men's adjustment pattern to the emotional and behavioral changes of their partners during pregnancy emerged. These included (i) the men's emotional reactions towards pregnancy; (ii) the phase of men's experience and initial reactions to behavioral and emotional changes related to pregnancy; (iii) the men's initial adjustment pattern to reconstruct the relationship; and (iv) the late men's adjustment to “fit in” or “get away” behaviors. The theory was conceptualized as being sequential and linear, although an overlap between stages may occur. Conclusion The emotional and behavioral changes of women during pregnancy impact men's ability to adjust with either positive or negative behaviors. A package of prenatal care could include sessions that teach men how to adjust well and be helpful to their pregnant partners.