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August 13, 2026BMC Public HealthOpen Access

Higher lifestyle scores are linked to ~6% lower odds of CVD per unit increase.

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Why the study?

Given the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases globally and in Iran, lifestyle modification is emphasized for prevention and control, prompting this investigation into the association between lifestyle and CVDs.

Does a higher healthy lifestyle score reduce the odds of cardiovascular diseases in adults?

Population

99 patients with CVDs and 396 controls without CVDs aged 18–65 in Iran

Comparison

Patients with CVDs vs controls without CVDs

Design

Case-control study

Key result

A higher lifestyle score was associated with lower odds of cardiovascular diseases, with each one-unit increase decreasing the odds of CVDs by 6% (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.93-0.96; p<0.001).

Discussion

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Overview

Lifestyle factors were associated with CVDs; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding practice.

Key Points

  • This study aims to explore the connection between lifestyle factors and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • Case-control design involving 99 individuals with CVDs and 396 controls without CVDs.
  • Data collected via a questionnaire covering five lifestyle domains: preventive measures, physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and social relationships.
  • Statistical analysis included logistic regression to assess the relationship between lifestyle factors and CVDs, adjusting for confounding variables.
  • The mean lifestyle score for CVD patients was 146.66, while controls scored 169.4, indicating a moderate lifestyle.
  • For every unit increase in lifestyle score, CVD odds decreased by 6% (OR = 0.94, CI: [0.93, 0.96], p < 0.001).
  • Each dimension of lifestyle significantly correlated with CVD risk reduction, showing at least a 12% decrease in odds per unit score improvement (p < 0.001).

Study Design

Type

Case-Control (n=495)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Does a higher healthy lifestyle score reduce the odds of cardiovascular diseases in adults?

P
Population
495 participants aged 18-65, comprising 99 patients with cardiovascular diseases and 396 controls without CVDs, evaluated at two hospitals in Iran.
E
Exposure
Higher healthy lifestyle score, assessed via a 46-item questionnaire covering five domains: preventive measures, physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and social relationships.
C
Comparator
Lower healthy lifestyle score (control group without cardiovascular diseases).
O
Outcome
Presence of cardiovascular disease (case vs. control status).

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.96)

p-value: p=< 0.001

A higher healthy lifestyle score is significantly associated with lower odds of cardiovascular diseases, reinforcing the importance of lifestyle modification in disease prevention.

Limitations

  • Self-report nature of the lifestyle assessment
  • Inability to identify comorbidity in the case and control groups confirmed by the physician
  • Type of cardiovascular disease was not specified for each individual
  • Optimal parameters for ascertaining the sample size within the present research context are not satisfied

Cite This Study

A 2026 study conducted a case-control in Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (n=495). Lifestyle was evaluated on Cardiovascular diseases (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.93-0.96, p=< 0.001). A higher lifestyle score was associated with lower odds of cardiovascular diseases, with each one-unit increase decreasing the odds of CVDs by 6% (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.93-0.96; p<0.001).

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7d76062b0e0cff3f63f0dehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28613-5
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Role of Socio-demographic, Lifestyle, Psychological and Anthropometric Parameters on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Mashad Cohort Study Population2020 · 2 citations
  2. 2Evaluation of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in the Iranian Population2021 · 1 citations
  3. 3The prevalence of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases among Iranian adults: Findings of a cross-sectional study2024 · 1 citations
  4. 4American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 for cardiovascular health assessment among Iranian adults: a national cross-sectional study from STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 20212026
  5. 5The relationship between healthy lifestyle score and incident cardiovascular disease: results from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS)2025 · 2 citations